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Solenoid Valve — How It Works

Solenoid Valve

// How it works — de-energized vs energized — troubleshooting
SOLENOID COIL 120VAC / 1500–3000Ω OFF PLC 120VAC PLUNGER iron armature VALVE BODY SPOOL SPRING P SUPPLY A B EA EB P→B A→EA Port A → actuator Port B → actuator MANUAL OVRD
DE-ENERGIZED STATE
○ Coil: 0VDC — off
○ Plunger: retracted by spring
○ Spool: spring position
→ P connects to B
→ A vents through EA
Cylinder: RETRACTED
Fail-safe position: this state
// Quick Specs & Field Notes
Electrical Specs
Voltage: 120VAC (crystallizer solenoids)
Good coil resistance: 85–120Ω
Shorted coil: <10Ω — replace immediately
Open/burned coil: ∞ ohms — replace
Response time: 10–50 milliseconds
Current draw: ~0.1–0.2A at 120VAC
Pneumatic Specs
Supply pressure: 80–120 PSI
Minimum to operate: 20 PSI
Maximum: 150 PSI
You'll hear: Sharp click when energizing
Warm coil: Normal — hot coil is NOT normal
Manual override: Red/yellow button on top
// Troubleshooting Reference
SymptomLikely CauseFirst Check
No click, coil coldNo voltage reaching coil120VAC at terminals — check relay/triac output, fuse, wiring
No click, voltage presentOpen coil (burned)Ohm test: should read 85–120Ω. ∞ = replace coil
Click but air won't switchPlunger or spool stuckPush manual override — does air switch? Then it's mechanical
Coil very hot, trips breakerShorted coilOhm test: <10Ω = short. Replace immediately (fire hazard)
Buzzing / hummingAC hum or loose plungerVerify DC coil on DC supply. Check plunger seats fully
Leaks air when de-energizedWorn spool sealsListen at exhaust ports — rebuild or replace valve body
Dextrose buildup on plungerProduct contaminationClean with air or replace valve body. Monthly maintenance
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